Kwizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga w’umwana w’umukobwa wa 2021: Biradusaba iki ngo turengere ubuzima bwe?

Kuva mu buto bwe no mu gihe cy’ubwangavu, ibidindiza iterambere ry’umwana w’umukobwa ni byinshi kandi nta wabyirengagiza. Mu gihe umwangavu agerageza guhangana n’impinduka agenda ahura nazo mu buzima; zaba izigaragara ku mubiri cyangwa iz’ amarangamutima, umwangavu w’umunyarwandakazi aba afite n’izindi nshingano zikomeye umuryango umutegerejeho zirimo kuba umugore w’igitangaza uzaba inkingi ikomeye umuryango we bwite ndetse n’umuryango mugari byubakiraho. Muri uku kwezi dusoje k’ Ukwakira kwahariwe umwana w’ umukobwa, ni iby’ ingenzi cyane ko twongera kurebera hamwe ibikibangamira urugendo rw’iterambere ry’umwana w’umukobwa byamubuza kuzaba wa munyarwandakazi twifuza.

Gufata umwanya wo kongera gutekereza ku mbogamizi zibangamiye iterambere ry’umukobwa ni ngombwa kugira ngo babashe gukoresha imbaraga n’ubushobozi bifitemo nk’uko bikwiriye. Mu gihe tubashije kubonera izo mbogamizi umuti, tuzaba twizeye ko turi kurera abakobwa bifitiye icyizere ndetse batewe ishema n’abo bari bo, ari nabyo bizababera intwaro n’ingabo ikomeye izabakingira ingorane zo muri iyi si yihuta mu iterambere - rimwe na rimwe riheza abakobwa.

Imbogamizi mu rugamba rwo kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina n’uko twazirandura

Biragoye ko umuntu yatekereza cyangwa yagira icyo avuga ku muryango nyarwanda ngo yirengagize urusobe rw’ingaruka z’igihe kirekire twasigiwe na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Uyu munsi ubuzima bw’umwana w’umukobwa bwasaritswe n’inkovu z’ibikomere by’igihe kirekire bituruka ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ryagaragaye cyane mu 1994.

Ibyo bikomere n’inkovu iyo hiyongereyeho imwe mu myumvire igoretse ikomoka ku muco wo hambere, ku bijyanye n’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye ndetse byakomeje no guhererekanywa uko ibihe bigenda bihita, birushaho kubangamira imibereho myiza n’iterambere ry’umuryango.

Umubare munini wa bamwe mu bakobwa bagifite ikibazo cy’ihungabana rituruka ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina bakorewe, ndetse ryanakoreshejwe nk’intwaro muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, usanga batarabona ubufasha bukwiriye ngo babashe gukira ibyo bikomere. Ibi kandi ntibiterwa gusa n’uko serivisi zifasha abafite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe cyangwa izijyanye n’ ubuzima bw’imyororokere zihenze; akenshi usanga biterwa n’akato gahabwa abahohotewe ndetse no kuba umuryango nyarwanda muri rusange utakira neza abahohotewe ndetse n’izo serivisi zibagenewe. Ibi rero bituma guhugura, kwigisha no guhozaho bikomeza kuba inshingano zikomeye cyane ku bashyira mu bikorwa gahunda zijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere ndetse n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe; haba mu gutanga serivisi zo kuvura cyangwa ubujyanama.

Mu Rwanda, hashize imyaka irenga icumi umuryango Imbuto Foundation utangiye kurwanya iyi myumvire itariyo ndetse ibangamira cyane iterambere ry’umuryango, bigakorwa binyuze mu mushinga uhugura ukanatanga serivisi ku rubyiruko, ku bijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere.

Ubwo umuryango Imbuto Foundation wizihiza imyaka 20 mu gutanga serivisi zijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere - nk’imwe muri porogramu zitandukanye twibandaho - ni n’umwanya wo kongera gusuzuma no kwiga ku mishinga yarushaho kudufasha kubungabunga no kuzana impinduka mu buzima bw’umwana w’umukobwa.

Uyu mushinga uhuza ibigo by’ amashuri yisumbuye n’andi matsinda y’urubyiruko, hamwe n’ibigo nderabuzima n’ibigo by’urubyiruko, bigafasha uru rubyiruko kubona amakuru na serivisi ku buzima bw’imyororokere mu buryo bubabereye (youth-friendly).

Binyuze muri uyu mushinga kandi, Imbuto Foundation ihugura ‘abakangurambaga b’urungano’ (peer educators), ku kwirinda no gukumira ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA n’inda ziterwa abangavu. Gahunda ya Imbuto Foundation ku buzima bw’imyororokere ntabwo irinda umwana w’umukobwa gusa binyuze mu kumwigisha no kumwubakamo ubushobozi butuma abasha kwita ku mubiri we no kumenya kwifatira ibyemezo, ahubwo ifasha n’umwana w’umuhungu gusobanukirwa uruhare rwe mu kumenya kwifatira ibyemezo bimurinda we ubwe ndetse na bashiki be.

Ntidukwiye kwihanganira abasambanya abana n’ababahishira

Ingaruka zo kutagira amakuru y’ukuri n’ubumenyi zigira ubukana burushijeho iyo ayo makuru agoretse ndetse akaba aturuka ku bantu bifuza kuyobya abandi ku bw’inyungu zabo bwite. Hagati ya 2008 na 2015, umubare w’abakobwa babyara bari munsi y’imyaka 19 wavuye kuri 5.7% ugera kuri 7.2%. Aba bakobwa baterwa inda bakiri bato akenshi baba bahohotewe, kuba umubare wabo ukomeza kuzamuka bishobora gutuma dutekereza ko ubwo n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikorerwa abana bato ari icyaha cyamaze gufata indi ntera.

Abakobwa bakorerwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina akenshi banaremererwa n’umuco wo guceceka wiyongera ku kuba badasobanukiwe neza imihindagukurikire y’imibiri yabo n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere. Ibi bibagira abanyantege nke ndetse bikongera ibyago byo kuba bahohoterwa n’ingimbi ziri mu kigero kimwe nabo cyangwa se n’abakuze, bakuriye muri sosiyete ifata ibiganiro ku buzima bw’imyororokere nka kirazira, bityo abahohotewe bagahitamo guceceka.
N’ubwo hari ingamba nyinshi zashyizweho mu gukumira no kurwanya inda ziterwa abangavu, abagore benshi baracyahura n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ndetse bikababera n’umutwaro ukomeye mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

Muri uru rugamba Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yakoze byinshi birimo ibihano bikomeye bihabwa abasambanya abana, ariko gufasha abahohotewe kumva ko bagomba kwegera inzego zibishinzwe bagatanga ibirego mu butabera biracyari kure, ndetse akenshi n’ibimenyetso by’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina biba ari ibimenyetso bitabikika, bityo bikagora urwego rw’ubushinjacyaha mu gukurikirana ibi byaha.
Ubwo hizihizwaga umunsi mpuzamahanga w’umwana w’umukobwa ku ya 11 Ukwakira 2021, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyize ahagaragara urutonde rw’abantu 322 bahamijwe ndetse bahanirwa icyaha cyo gusambanya abantu ku gahato. Iyi ni intambwe ikomeye izafasha mu kurinda abana b’abakobwa, abagore, abana b’abahungu ndetse n’abasore kuba bahohoterwa n’umuntu wigeze kugaragaraho icyo cyaha ariko agahishirwa. Intambwe ikomeye kurushaho ni uko ibi bishobora kuzatinyura abandi bahohotewe bari barahisemo guceceka, bikabaha imbaraga zo kwegera ubutabera ngo barenganurwe ariko bikanadufasha gukumira ko hari abandi bahohoterwa.

Kubaka ubushobozi bw’abagore

Umugore ufite imbaraga kandi ushoboye ntabwo ari umugore wize gusa, ahubwo ni umwe ubasha no gutinyuka akavuga, n’igihe ibyo avuga ari ibitekerezo bitamenyerewe cyangwa bitemerwa na bose. Umuco wo guceceka ujya utera bamwe mu bagore n’abakobwa kutarega ababahohoteye, ushobora no kudindiza iterambere ryabo mu buryo butandukanye. Aha twareba umubare w’abana b’abakobwa bavanwa mu ishuri ngo bite ku mirimo yo mu rugo cyangwa bafashe ababyeyi babo mu mirimo itandukanye.

N’ubwo ibi ari icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko (kuko imyaka icyenda y’amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye ari ngombwa ndetse bikaba n’uburenganzira kuri buri mwana w’umunyarwanda), ndetse umubare w’abanyeshuri batangira ishuri ukaba uzamuka ku kigero cya 7.8% buri mwaka; usanga umubare w’abanyeshuri b’abakobwa bakomeza kwiga bagasoza ibyiciro byose bya ngombwa ari muke ukurikije uw’abahungu.

Abana b’abakobwa bakeneye gutozwa no gutinyuka kuvugira mu ruhame ubu busumbane bubabuza amahirwe n’uburenganzira nk’ubwa basaza babo, ibyo bakorerwa n’ababyeyi babo bidakwiye bikamenyekana. Ntabwo tuzabasha kurandura iyo myumvire igoretse ishingiye ku muco wo hambere ibuza abakobwa n’abagore kugira uburenganzira bumwe na basaza babo nk’ubwo kwiga, mu gihe badashobora kubyivugira ngo babyamagane cyangwa se ngo natwe tubahe umwanya tubatege amatwi. Amajwi yabo atabaza akwiye kumvwa n’abafashamyumvire ndetse n’abandi bashobora kubitaho no kubafasha muri urwo rugendo rwo kwisobanukirwa, bakamenya uburenganzira bwabo no gusaba ubufasha igihe hari uhohoteye uburenganzira bwabo.

Umwana w’umukobwa akwiye gukomeza kwigirira no kugirirwa icyizere
Uyu munsi umwana w’umukobwa akeneye gukomeza kwigirira no kugirirwa icyizere mu buzima bwe bwose, kurusha uko byigeze bikenerwa ikindi gihe cyose. Ntawe utaragezweho n’ingaruka z’icyorezo cya COVID ku buzima n’imibereho yacu. Mu Rwanda, harakorwa byinshi bigamije guhangana n’izo ngaruka, n’ubwo bitoroshye ariko ni ngombwa ko turema icyizere mu bato, tukabereka ko ejo ari heza kandi ko hashoboka kuri bose, nta vangura rishingiye ku gitsina cyangwa aho bakomoka. Abato babyiruka bagomba kubaho biyumvamo ko iterambere ryabo n’uko bakomeza gukura mu myaka no mu bikorwa ari ibibaganisha mu munezero, ubuzima bwiza n’umutekano.

Ibi tuzabigeraho ari uko dufite gahunda zigenewe kwegera umwana w’umukobwa tukamwereka ko umuryango umushyigikiye ndetse uhari ngo umufashe kwishakamo no kwagura ubushobozi yifitemo, ari nabyo bizatuma agira ubwisanzure buzatugeza ku muryango twifuza kandi utekanye mu ngeri zose.

Urugero rwiza ni gahunda ya Edified Generation yatangijwe na Nyakubahwa Madamu Jeannette Kagame hagamijwe gufasha abanyeshuri batsinda neza mu ishuri ariko imiryango yabo ikaba idafite ubushobozi bwo kubishyurira ishuri. Kuri ubu hamaze gufashwa abarenga 9000 barimo abahungu n’abakobwa, ariko haracyari na byinshi byo gukora ngo ihame ry’uburezi kuri bose rigerweho koko. Mu gihe twizihiza umwana w’umukobwa, tuzirikane ko hari umubare munini w’abana b’abakobwa bakeneye ubufasha burenze kwishyurirwa amafaranga y’ishuri na serivisi z’ubuzima bw’imyororokere gusa. Ubuzima bwabo bwo mu mutwe bugomba kubungabungwa, ubugeni, guhanga udushya n’izindi mpano bifitemo bigomba gushyigikirwa, ndetse n’amajwi yabo agomba kwitabwaho tukabatega amatwi. Ibi tuzabigeraho ari uko dushyize hamwe nk’ umuryango, ntitugarukire gusa ku munsi wahariwe kwizihiza umwana w’umukobwa ahubwo dukomeze gutekereza icyamufasha kuba itabaza ry’umuryango koko.